Old Men Pitching Horeshoes by X.J. Kennedy Essay

Old Men Pitching Horeshoes by X.J. Kennedy - Essay Example The four old men in the poem heavily employ the ditch as a field in which they can perform their activities -- in this case, pitching horseshoes. The images of the old men and the ditch itself are quite interesting for they speak of something deeper. In practice, however, the ditch as a human invention is mainly used for controlling flood water. This implies that the ditch, as described in the poem, becomes a world in itself rather than a mere tool for civilized men -- particularly young men. The old men fundamentally alter the norm prevalent in their time and place. In doing so, they create their own universe even â€Å"[d]own the worn path of earth.† Perhaps the â€Å"real† world or civilization that the characters are immersed into seems to neglect the old men’s dignity. To subvert this disrespect marked in an industrialized society, these four men play their game in the ditch as they â€Å"considered dignity behooves.† Moreover, the metaphor of Kennedy ’s poetry can also be seen in the peg imagery. As a marker that defines score or location, the peg as a metaphor represents a system of defined boundaries of roles and all. Society such as a civilized one has its conventional rules and laws that govern the people’s thoughts and actions. In the context of the poem, these rules include the exclusion of the old men in terms of active participation in the social life.

Power and Politics in the Criminal Justice Organization Essay

Power and Politics in the Criminal Justice Organization - Essay Example Since aims and objectives of criminal justice organizations; the police, the courts and the corrections persist over elongated time periods, the advantages and disadvantages of occupational socializations also increase. Through another perspective, occupational socialization can be seen as legitimate and illegitimate. The legitimate occupational socialization works in favor of criminal justice organization and the illegitimate occupational socialization hinders its working. Criminal justice organizations have both formal and informal settings that provide the team members, the opportunity to interact with one another. Organizational conflict is the clash of interests, needs, and values amongst the various members of the team at the workplace. It can also be understood as the difference of personal and departmental goals (Champion, 2005). Organizational conflict affects the quality of work in criminal justice organizations adversely. Organizational conflict hampers smooth functioning of the criminal justice organizations thus denying or delaying justice to the needy. Conflicts in the criminal justice organizations can primarily emanate from two kinds of causes; personal and professional. The personal reasons can be fired by zeal for fame and concern for higher wages, promotion and reward. On the professional front, conflict can arise from failure to arrive at a consensus, making a wrong decision, etc. A law, a statute, or precedence can be interpreted d ifferently by the criminal justice organization’s administrators and managers giving rise to conflict. Organizational conflicts hamper the speedy working of criminal justice system and can also derail the process of criminal justice. They also lead to unnecessary dissipation of time and energy making the decision making process slow and cumbersome. Power is defined as the ability of an individual or a team